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Bostock v. Clayton County, 590 U.S. 644 (2020)

Citation
Bostock v. Clayton County, 590 U.S. 644 (2020)
Parent Document
Bostock v. Clayton County, 590 U.S. 644 (2020)
Effective Date
2020-06-15
Original Source
https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/4760997/bostock-v-clayton-county/ ↗

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In many animals and plants the body and germ cells have been shown to contain one or more chromosomes of a special kind (called sex chromosomes; idiochromosomes; accessory chromosomes ) in addition to the ordinary paired autosomes. These special chromosomes serve to determine sex. In the simplest case, the male germ cells are of two types, one with and one without a single extra chromosome (X chromosome , or monosome ). The egg cells in this case all possess an X chromosome , and on fertilization by the two types of sperm, male and female zygotes result, of respective constitution X , and XX . In many other animals and plants (probably including man) the male organism produces two types of gametes, one possessing an X chromosome , the other a Y chromosome , these being visibly different members of a pair of chromosomes present in the diploid state. In this case also, the female organism is XX , the eggs X , and the zygotes respectively male (XY ) and female (XX ). In another type of sex determination, as in certain moths and possibly in the fowl, the female produces two kinds of eggs, the male only one kind of sperm. Each type of egg contains one member of a pair of differentiated chromosomes, *1785called respectively Z chromosomes and W chromosomes , while all the sperm cells contain a Z chromosome. In fertilization, union of a Z with a W gives rise to a female, while union of two Z chromosomes produces a male. Cf. SECONDARY SEX CHARACTER .