Section 10
- Citation
- Section 10
- Parent Document
- Yesler Terrace Community Council v. Cisneros, 37 F.3d 442 (1994)
- Jurisdiction
- United States (federal)
- Effective Date
- 1994-09-12
Other Sections in This Document (35)
- Yesler Terrace Community Council v. Cisneros, 37 F.3d 442 (1994)
- Yesler Terrace Community Council v. Cisneros, 37 F.3d 442 (1994)
- Yesler Terrace Community Council v. Cisneros, 37 F.3d 442 (1994)
- Yesler Terrace Community Council v. Cisneros, 37 F.3d 442 (1994)
- Yesler Terrace Community Council v. Cisneros, 37 F.3d 442 (1994)
- Yesler Terrace Community Council v. Cisneros, 37 F.3d 442 (1994)
- Yesler Terrace Community Council v. Cisneros, 37 F.3d 442 (1994)
- Yesler Terrace Community Council v. Cisneros, 37 F.3d 442 (1994)
- Yesler Terrace Community Council v. Cisneros, 37 F.3d 442 (1994)
- Yesler Terrace Community Council v. Cisneros, 37 F.3d 442 (1994)
- Yesler Terrace Community Council v. Cisneros, 37 F.3d 442 (1994)
- Yesler Terrace Community Council v. Cisneros, 37 F.3d 442 (1994)
- Yesler Terrace Community Council v. Cisneros, 37 F.3d 442 (1994)
- Yesler Terrace Community Council v. Cisneros, 37 F.3d 442 (1994)
- Yesler Terrace Community Council v. Cisneros, 37 F.3d 442 (1994)
- Yesler Terrace Community Council v. Cisneros, 37 F.3d 442 (1994)
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Full Text
1,254 chars5 U.S.C. § 551(4).5 An adjudication (which results in an order) is virtually any agency action that is not rulemaking. 5 U.S.C. § 551(6) — (7). Two principal characteristics distinguish rulemaking from adjudication. First, adjudications resolve disputes among specific individuals in specific cases, whereas rulemaking affects the rights of broad classes of unspecified individuals. See United States v. Florida E. Coast Ry., 410 U.S. 224, 244— 45, 93 S.Ct. 810, 820-21, 35 L.Ed.2d 223 (1973); Ford Motor Co. v. FTC., 673 F.2d 1008, 1010 (9th Cir.1981), cert. denied 459 U.S. 999, 103 S.Ct. 358, 74 L.Ed.2d 394 (1982). Second, because adjudications involve concrete disputes, they have an immediate effect on specific individuals (those involved in the dispute). Rulemaking, in contrast, is prospective, and has a definitive effect on individuals only after the rule subsequently is applied. See Bowen v. Georgetown Univ. Hosp., 488 U.S. 204, 216-17, 109 S.Ct. 468, 476, 102 L.Ed.2d 493 (1988) (the “central distinction” between rulemaking and adjudication is that rules have legal 'consequences “only for the future”) (Scalia, J., concurring) (emphasis added); Prentis v. Atlantic Coast Line Co., 211 U.S. 210, 226, 29 S.Ct. 67, 69, 53 L.Ed. 150 (1908).