Pennell v. City of San Jose, 485 U.S. 1 (1988)
- Citation
- Pennell v. City of San Jose, 485 U.S. 1 (1988)
- Parent Document
- Pennell v. City of San Jose, 485 U.S. 1 (1988)
- Jurisdiction
- United States (federal)
- Effective Date
- 1988-02-24
Other Sections in This Document (112)
- Pennell v. City of San Jose, 485 U.S. 1 (1988)
- Pennell v. City of San Jose, 485 U.S. 1 (1988)
- Pennell v. City of San Jose, 485 U.S. 1 (1988)
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- Pennell v. City of San Jose, 485 U.S. 1 (1988)
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- Pennell v. City of San Jose, 485 U.S. 1 (1988)
Full Text
1,969 charsWe also find that the Ordinance does not violate the Amendment's Equal Protection Clause. Here again, the standard is deferential; appellees need only show that the classification scheme embodied in the Ordinance is "rationally related to a legitimate state interest." New Orleans v. Dukes, 427 U. S. 297, 303 (1976). As we stated in Vance v. Bradley, 440 U. S. 93 (1979), "we will not overturn [a statute that does not burden a suspect class or a fundamental interest] unless the varying treatment of different groups or persons is so unrelated to the achievement of any combination of legitimate purposes that we can only conclude that the legislature's actions were irrational." Id., at 97. In light of our conclusion above that the Ordinance's tenant hardship provisions are designed to serve the legitimate purpose of protecting tenants, we can hardly conclude that it is irrational for the Ordinance to treat certain landlords differently on the basis of whether or not they have hardship tenants. The Ordinance distinguishes between landlords because doing so furthers the purpose of ensuring that individual tenants do not suffer "unreasonable" hardship; it would be inconsistent to state that hardship is a legitimate factor to be considered but then hold that appellees could not tailor the Ordinance so that only legitimate hardship cases are redressed. Cf. Woods v. Cloyd W. Miller Co., 333 U. S. 138, 145 (1948) *15 (Congress "need not control all rents or none. It can select those areas or those classes of property where the need seems the greatest"). We recognize, as appellants point out, that in general it is difficult to say that the landlord "causes" the tenant's hardship. But this is beside the point if a landlord does have a hardship tenant, regardless of the reason why, it is rational for appellees to take that fact into consideration under § 5703.28 of the Ordinance when establishing a rent that is "reasonable under the circumstances."